一、直接引语变间接引语

1.人称的变化：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。

1). “一随主”指若直接引语中的主语为第一人称时,变间接引语时应与主句的主语人称一致.

She said “I like playing basketball”.

She said that _____ _____ playing basketball .

2). “二随宾”指若直接宾语中的主语为第二人称时,变间接宾语时应与主句的宾语人称一致.

She asked Tom “Can I have a look at your picture”.

She asked Tom if ______ could have a look at ______ picture .

3). “第三人称不更新”指若直接宾语中的主语为第三人称时,变间接宾语时人称保持不变.

She said to me “They want to help me”.

She told me that _____ _____ to help me .

二. 宾语从句的考查

宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。

1.考查宾语从句的语序：

宾语从句的语序用陈述句语序。即 “主语+谓语+……

Do you know when __________?

A.does the next train leave B.the next train leaves

C.will the next train leave D.the next train will leave

注：若从句时疑问句，但语序不变的有：

1).who在从句中作主语。

Can you tell me _________?(谁将来这儿)

2).what’s wrong / the matter ?

He asked what was the matter with me .

3).what happened

I don’t know what happened yesterday .

4).which is the way to ….?

Can you tell me which is the way to the park ?

2.考查宾语从句的引导词

1).若宾语从句时陈述句时，引导词用that 且that 可省掉。

She said “I’m gald to see you” = She said _____ _____ ______ gald to see me .

2).宾语从句时一般疑问句时，引导词用if 或whether . 一般情况下if /whether 可互换，但后有or not / or 、动词不定式或介词的后面时，只能用whether .

He saked me “Are you going to Wuhan ?” = He asked me ______ _____ _____ going to Wuhan.

I’m thinking about ______ to go there .

A.if B.whether C.that

3).宾语从句时特殊疑问句时，引导词用特殊疑问词。

Do you know ________? I’m not sure ,Maybe he is a businessman .

A.who he is B.who is he C.what he does D.what does he do

4).若宾语从句时肯定祈使句时，就改为ask /tell sb to do sth .若为否定祈使句，就改为ask /tell sb not to sth .

“Don’t open the door” The teacher said . = The teacher told me _____ ____ ___ the door .

3.宾语从句的时态

1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。

Can you tell me _________? He is a doctor .

A.what is he B.what he was C.what he is D.what was he

2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。

He asked ____________.

A.what time it is B.what time is it C.what time it was D.what time was it

He told me that he ______ for the sports meet.

A.is preparing B.was preparing C.will prepare D.has prepared

注：1) 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。

Our teacher said that January_____(be) the first month of the year.

Our teacher said that the earth ___(go) around the sun.

2).若主句为could you …..?表示请求客气的语气，从句的时态仍然不变。

Could you tell me _______?

A.what he was doing B.what was he doing

C.what he is doing D.what is he doing

4.宾语从句的简化：

1).宾语从句是陈述句时，且主、从句的主语一致，可简化为“动词+ to do sth”.

I hope I can meet you again .

I hope _____ _____ you again .

2).宾语从句是疑问句时，且主、从句的主语一致，或从句的主语与主句的宾语一致。可简化为“疑问词+ to do sth”.

I don’t know what I should do next .

I don’t know ____ ____ _____ next .

Could you tell me how I can get there ?

Could you tell me ____ ____ _____ there ?

John didn’t decide which shirt he would buy .

John didn’t decide _____ ____ _____ _____ .

3).hear / see / find + that + 从句 ，可改为“hear / see / find + sb (要用宾格) + doing sth”.

I heard that they were singing in the next room.=

I heard _____ _____ in the next room .

We found that she was playing with the cat under the tree .

We found _____ _____ with the cat under the tree.