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Sb. had been doing
形式：
I （or You，He，John，They，Those men） had been studying．
770 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示一个持续到过去某时的动作：
He had been waiting for two weeks． He was still waiting．（有一个表示一段时间的状语）
Up to that time he had been translating those books．（He was still translating at “that time”．）
He had been writing the letter till two o'clock．
He was now thirty years old．He had been gambling since he was ten．（He was still gambling at thirty．）
He had been standing there in the sun．（没有时间状语）
He had been thinking about his marriage．
不过这种时态并不一定表示这个过去动作将持续下去：
He came back at seven．He had been waiting for her two hours．（At seven he did not wait any more．）
He stopped swimming．He had been swimming for the last three hours．
另一方面，这种时态也和现在完成进行时一样，也可有一些特别的含义：
1）尚未完成：
He had been writing the novel．（He had not finished it yet．）
2）企图：
He had been studying the meaning of this proverb．（He was trying to study it．）
3）未得结果：
We had been studying what our enemy had said．（But we were not able to understand it．）
4）最近情况：
He had been quarrelling with his wife．（lately）
5）反复动作：
He had been asking me the same question．（Many times）
6）情绪：
What had he been doing？（不耐烦）
这种时态很少用在否定句中，而多以过去完成时代替：
He had not practised English for many years．（普通说法）
He had not been practising English for many years．（少见）
这种时态还可用在said，supposed等引起的间接引语中，代替现在完成进行时：
He said，“I have been speaking to John．”＝ He said that he had been speaking to John．
He thought，“She was watching me when I passed．”＝ He thought that she had been watching him when he had passed．
过去完成进行时经常与现在完成进行时混淆。
现在完成进行时 (The present perfect progressive) 由 have/has been +-ing 分词构成；
过去完成进行时（ The past perfect progressive tenses ）由 had been +-ing 分词构成．
现在／过去完成进行时的用法：
A. 在某段时间内一直进行的动作用现在完成进行时来强调动作在某段时间里的持续性．动作通常有”现在”的结果，要根据上下文来确定到”现在”为止，动作是否还在继续进行．同样，过去完成进行时表示在过去更早时间内进行的动作,并对过去某一时刻产生结果。
B.表示重复动作的现在／过去完成进行时
我们也可以用完成进行时形式来表示现在或过去经常重复的动作
注意：过去完成进行时和过去完成时类似，需要有过去这一时间点。
过去完成进行时的构成
过去完成进行时是由"had been + 现在分词"构成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.
她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time?
他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧？
Rafael was scolded even though he hadn't been doing anything wrong.
尽管拉斐尔没做什么错事，但他还是挨骂了。
下面，我们来学习一下它的用法。
过去完成进行时的用法
①表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。
过去完成进行时表示动作在过去某一时间之前开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时也必须以一过去时间为前提。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it.
这东西我找了好多天才找着的。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came.
他们只等了一会儿车就来了。
②表示反复的动作。
He had been mentioning your name to me.
他过去多次向我提到过你的名字。
You had been giving me everything.
你对我真是有求必应。
③过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中(详见第12章)。
The doctor asked what he had been eating.
医生问他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days.
我问他们那些天是呆在哪儿的。
④过去完成进行时之后也可接具有“突然”之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in.
我刚看了几分钟他就进来了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她温习功课才一会儿，她妹妹就打断她了。
接下来，我们再来看看它与过去完成时的对比。
过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较
She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.
她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。 (强调结果)
She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.
她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在e69da5e887aa7a686964616f334外面等着。 (强调动作一直在进行)
1、形式不同
过去完成式：had + past participle
过去完成式是不能单独用的。我们用的时候，必须有另一个事件。也就是说，假如我们有e5a48de588b6e799bee5baa6e997aee7ad94364两件事 A 和 B，两件事都发生在过去，但 A 发生在 B 以前，A 应该用过去完成式，B 则用过去式。
He had studied Chinese before he came to Taiwan. 他到台湾以前，曾学过中文。
过去完成进行时形式：had been doing
I had been studying．我在学习。
2、强调不同
要强调较早发生事件的连续性，我们可以用过去完成进行式。占去完成进行式和现在进行式惟一不同的地方是 verb to have 的地方一定要用had 。
I had been watching TV before you called me.你打电话给我的时候我在看电视。
过去完成进行时与过去完成时的用法很相近，它通常表示一个持续到过去某时的动作：
He was still waiting．（有一个表示一段时间的状语）他一直在等。
3、用法不同
过去完成时在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.他说从来没有去过巴黎。
过去完成进行时这个时态很少用在否定句中，而多以过去完成时代替：
He had not practised English for many years．他很少练习英语。
过去时概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。过去进行时时表示过去的某段时间里一直在做某事 比如He was swimming yesterday.就是他昨e799bee5baa6e78988e69d83337天一直在游泳。还可以表示某个时间点正在干什么，比如，He was sleeping at two o'clock yesterday.还是要理解句子意思。
过去完成时
1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2） 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。
注意： had no … when 还没等…… 就……
had no sooner… than 刚…… 就……
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
用一般过去时代替完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse，she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
2 ) 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
过去完成进行时
表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到另一个过去时刻，到那个时刻，该动作可能刚刚终止，也有可能还在继续。
形式
had been + V-ing形式
用法
1. 过去完成进行时所表示的动作与过去的时间的关系，可以用时间状语来表示，也可以通过上下文来表示。例如：
By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days. 到上个月为止，他们在这里工作大约有十天了。
She said that she had been listening to radio after school. 她说她放学后一直在听收音机。
2. 过去完成时可以表示一个动作已经结束，但其结果仍然影响到过去的某一时刻。例如：
It had been raining and the street was still wet. 天一直在下雨，街道仍然很湿。
3. 像 work、study、stay、sing、teach等延续性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时，用过去完成进行时可以表示一个动作一直延续到过去某一时刻，通常强调动作的持续性和不间断性。例如：
She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her. 当她的同学来看她的时候，她学习有两个小时了。
4. 过去完成进行时与过去进行时的区别。过去进行时主要表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行。例如：
I was writing a letter when she came to see me. 当她来看我时我正在写信。
I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me. 当她来看我的时候，我已经写了两个小时的信了。
5. 过去完成进行时与过去完成时的不同。过去完成时表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表e799bee5baa6e58685e5aeb9332示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如：
They had just had breakfast when Tom came in. 汤姆来时，他们刚吃过早饭。
They had been having breakfast for ten minutes when Tom came in. 汤姆来时，他们已经吃了十分钟的早饭了。