返回目录：word文档
作文你想要比别人拿的分数高？
凭什么啊？
你会用的单词别人也会用！
你总要和别人有那么一点不一样
才能脱颖而出嘛！
下面，星火君就给大家聊聊四六级写作中的用词。
单词和短语是文章中最基本的组成单位。用词是否出彩在一定程度上决定了文章是够能得高分。要想用对词，必须遵循以下原则：
【无重复原则】
英语写作中经常会出现在同一文章中反复使用同一个词、词组的情况，这就是我们通常所说的重复。用词重复主要表现在名词、动词、形容词等实词的重复上。例如：
名词重复
Catherine offered him moral help and also practical help.
动词重复
I like reading while my brother likes playing football.
形容词重复
Mark Twain is famous for his short novels in America, and now he isalso becoming more and more famous with Chinese readers.
为避免用词的重复，可采用以下方法：
省略
省略是避免重复最主要的手段。它可以节省词语，使句子结构更紧凑，还可以有效避免名词、动词、形容词的重复。例如：
名词省略
They are fine actors. Smith is the finest (actor) I’ve ever seen.
动词省略
Jack needn’t stay here， but George must (stay here).
形容词省略
Robert seemed angry， and George certainly was (angry)．
代词代替
这种方法主要用于解决名词的重复问题。例如：
Catherine offered him moral help and also practical help.
可改为：Catherineoffered him moral help and also practical one.
再如：Can you repairthis chair? I broke it yesterday．
同义词、反义词、派生词转换
名词、动词、形容词都适用这种方法。
名词同义词转换
原句：The snow was heavy last night.
修改后： It snowed heavily last night.
动词同义词转换
原句：The runner couldn’t catch up with the others in the race.
修改后：The runnerfell behind the others in the race.
形容词同义词转换
原句：I am completely confident that I am competent for the new job.
修改后：I am completely confident that I am qualified for the new job.
【短语优先原则】
使用短语替换单词具有两大优势：
文章显得更为地道，增加亮点；
增加字数。
例：
原句：When he was a child， he wanted to learn everything.
修改后：When he was a child， he had a strong appetite for knowledge.
与原句中的wanted to learn everything相比，修改后的例句中的had astrong appetite for knowledge更能表现出“他”的求知若渴，表达更加生动。
常见的单词转化成短语的方法有：
形容词变短语方法：of+同根名词
常见的形容词及对应短语有：
| 形容词 | 短语 |
| very important 非常重要的 | of great importance |
| very difficult 非常困难的 | of great difficulty |
| very difficult 非常困难的 | of great difficulty |
| very beautiful 非常美丽的 | of great beauty |
| very useful 非常有用的 | of great use |
| very helpful 非常有帮助的 | of great help |
| very harmful 非常有害的 | of great harm |
| very valuable 非常有价值的 | of great value |
| very significant 至关重要的 | of great significance |
| very necessary 非常必要的 | of great necessity |
动词变短语方法：同义短语替换
常用的动词和对应动词短语如下：
| 动词 | 动词短语 |
| stand 承受 | put up with |
| consider 考虑 | take...into consideration/account |
| exist 存在 | come into existence/being |
| like 喜欢 | be fond of, take delight in |
| support支持 | be in favor of, approve of |
| think 想，认为 | harbor the idea that, hold the view that |
| explain 解释 | account for |
| agree 同意，赞成 | approve of |
| conclude 得出结论 | come to/draw a conclusion |
| remember 记住 | bear/keep in mind |
| cause 引起 | bring about |
| raise 提出 | bring/put up, set forth |
| absorb采纳，吸收 | take in |
| cancel 取消 | call off |
| eliminate 取消 | completely get rid of |
| help 帮助 | give a hand |
| delay 耽误，耽搁 | hold off |
| emphasize 重视 | attach great importance to |
| replace 代替 | take the place of |
| use 使用 | make use of, take advantage of |
| know 知道 | be aware of |
【词义具体化原则】
所谓词义具体化就是指写作过程中尽量避免使用意义宽泛、模糊的词，要根据语境使用具体、生动的词。
举个栗子，被用滥了的good、bad，可以用以下单词代替：
记住以下闪光高分词，立刻让你的作文瞬间高大上~
| 低分词 | 高分词 |
| good 好的 | superb, brilliant, outstanding, awesome |
| bad 坏的 | adverse, evil, terrible, horrible |
| old 老的 | old-fashioned, outdated, antiquated, archaic |
| strange 陌生的 | eccentric, peculiar, odd, weird |
| short 短的 | transient, short-lived |
| forever 永远 | for good, perpetually |
| different 不同的 | unique, distinctive, dissimilar |
| do 做 | conduct, carry out, execute |
| see 看见 | witness, observe, spot, glimpse |
| increase 增加，提高 | soar, escalate, double/triple |
| walk 走 | wander, stride, sneak, creep |
| learn 学习 | acquire, review, master |
| get 取得 | obtain, attain |
| help 帮助 | assist, aid |
| mean 意思是 | suggest, indicate, imply, symbolize |
| picture 图画 | drawing, painting, cartoon |
| big 大的 | immense, enormous, tremendous |
| cause 引起 | give rise to, trigger, result in, arouse |
| make 做 | produce, create, develop |
| rich 丰富的 | wealthy, affluent, ample |
| cheap 便宜的 | economical, inexpensive, affordable |
| common 普遍的 | widespread, prevalent |
| change 改变 | transform, alter, modify |
| people 人 | individuals, adolescents, adults |
| famous 著名的 | renowned, celebrated, distinguished, prominent |
| think 想 | suppose, claim, maintain, presume, assume |
| keep 保存 | preserve, conserve |
| break 破坏 | undermine, jeopardize, devastate |
星火君温馨提示，由于英语词义范围非常广泛，即便是同义词也只是某种程度上的近似，不可能在意义上完全对等，所以大家在选词时要注意同义词含义上的细小差别哦。
例如：
句一： So there arises the problem:What should we do to get rid of the wrong attitudes toward the migrant workers?
句二： So there arises the question:What should we do to get rid of the wrong attitudes toward the migrant workers?
problem指的是“实际存在的问题”或“需要解决的现实问题”，question指的是“可获得解释或回答的问题”，此处用question更为恰当。
以上内容内容选自《星火英语简·四级写作100篇》