返回目录：ppt怎么做
Introduction
本文概况
This guide is both for those who are new to the field of presentations and those who are just looking for new ideas for their hundredth presentation. Whether you are a novice or aprofessional, I hope this guide offers you some new nuggets of information.
这篇关于做好演讲的指南既适用于新手也同时适用于富有经验的演讲老手。无论你的水平怎么样，我都希望这篇指南能给你一些新的启示。
In under two thousand words, I will touch on the basics: standing properly, remembering names and giving out handouts. I will also look at newer ideas, such as reading the audience’s body language and avoiding difficult questions.
在这篇指南中，我要用2000字向你介绍一下做演讲的一些基本注意事项，比如调整好站姿，记住发言者名字，给观众写好板书，做好演讲幻灯片。与此同时，我也会向大家介绍一些新的演讲须知，比如在你演讲同时解读观众的肢体语言反馈，还比如把演讲中复杂问题简单化呈现给观众。
Be confident and connect with your audience
保持自信并与观众互动
How can you be naturally confident in front of an audience? It goes without saying that you should look neat and presentable. The fact that you have taken pride in your appearance should help, as should a friendly smile on your face.
如何才能自然地保持自信在观众面前做演讲呢？毫无疑问你需要做到穿着整齐而且与场合匹配。良好的演讲着装和保持微笑都会为你加分。
However, your body language will give you a better sense of confidence than an expensive suit or a killer smile. When standing in front of an audience, you should avoid swaying from side to side. Swaying will not only make you look nervous, but will also make it seem that you are out of control.
不过，比良好着装和淡定表情更重要的是在演讲中保持良好身体语言，这样会让你看上去更自信。但你面对观众演讲时，要尽力避免晃来晃去，这样做只会让你看上去非常紧张，好像你不太能控制你自己的姿态。
To strike a confident posture, stand with your legs apart and your body facing the audience. Do not sway or move your weight from one leg to the other. To be in control of your audience, you must appear to be in control of your own body.
要做好演讲姿势，你要站直面向观众，脚分开一些。不要晃，也不要把你身体重心在你两腿之间来回切换。要想把你的演讲具有说服力，你首先要控制好你自己的姿态。
You should also avoid turning your back to the audience. If you have opted to use a whiteboard, do not spend too much time writing on the board during the presentation. I find that the best thing to do is to have written everything you need on the board before the audience arrives.
你最好避免背向观众。如果你演讲时需要用白板，不要在演讲时占用过多时间写板书。最好是在做演讲之前写好板书。
If you need to point to notes on your white board, do not face the white board directly but stand so that the audience can at least see your side profile.
如果你想用板书辅助做演讲，不要完全面向白板背对观众，最差也要侧身看板书，让观众还能看到你的侧面。
If you want to avoid showing the audience that you are nervous, then make sure to bear the following in mind. Always avoid touching your face or head during a presentation; touching the face and head are indicators that you are feeling uneasy and perhaps even vulnerable. Also, if you are asked a question by a member of the audience, try not to fold your arms. Doing so creates a barrier between you and your audience and will signal to them that you do not like being asked questions, or that you are feeling a little defensive.
如果你想避免在演讲时让观众看到你很紧张，请把一下几点记住。首先，不要在你做演讲时用手摸你的脸和头，这样让人看出你很紧张有点不知所措。其次，如果观众问你问题，不要把你双手抬起来折叠放在你胸前，那样会让提问观众感到你不太愿意回答他们问题，或你很有戒心。
To make your audience feel valued and involved, you should make brief eye contact with them. Try scanning from the left of the audience to the right, giving each audience member a brief moment of eye contact. This will ensure that they feel valued and will give you a feeling of control and confidence.
如果你想保持演讲中与观众互动，你需要保持和他们眼神交流。建议可以在演讲时用眼神从左到右扫过观众席，给每一位在场观众短暂的眼神交流。保证与每一位观众互动，这使你感受到对整场的掌控力和自信。
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Avoid props
避免中避免用太多道具
For my own presentations, I prefer to use nothing but a white board, and I would suggest practicing presentations with nothing but the same to get you started.
就我习惯而言，我不喜欢演讲时用太多道具，最多就是用个白板。而且我建议如果你刚开始练习演讲的话，最多也就是用个白板而已。
If you have no experience writing on a board, this is easily remedied by practice. You could also try using a large ruler to draw some lines on the board in order to keep your writing straight. This will avoid having your writing appear noticeably uneven to the audience. Another thing to do is walk to the back of the room that you are presenting in and check whether your writing is large enough to be seen by every member of the audience.
如果你之前没有用过白板做演讲，也不用担心，因为这很容易就可以练熟。 你可以用长尺子在黑板上画一些标记线，这样你就可以有参照把板书写直了。你的观众看你写的也会很舒服。还有就是你可以走到教室后面去查看你写的板书是否看得清楚，替教室里的同学们看一下。
If you would like to use video or audio clips, then I would suggest keeping their duration to under two minutes each. If you are a novice, then standing in the background waiting for a video to finish can feel a little awkward.
如果你需要在演讲时插入视频或者音频片段做辅助，那么我建议你把时间控制在两分钟以内。如果你是一个新手，这样站在一旁给观众播放视频可能会让人感觉有一点奇怪。
You may also want to remember that computer equipment can sometimes fail to work at the worst possible moment. In fact, it may be better to work on getting more experience developing your stagecraft and charisma before adding too much technology to your presentations. Slides would make a better start, preferably with short sentences (ten words or less) and a maximum of three sentences per slide.
你要记住你演讲时用的电脑设备很有可能会在最关键的时候出现故障。其实，在开始用这些电子设备制作你的演讲稿之前，你最好花更多心思培养你的演讲台风和气质，这样也许会更有用。幻灯片也是很有帮助的，最好把字数控制在每张幻灯片3句话，每句话最多10个字。
What was your name?
要记住观众的名字
If you are giving a presentation to a small group of people that you have not met before, remembering their names will make them feel more comfortable and make the presentation feel intimate.
如果你是在一小组人之间做演讲，而且你还没有见过他们的话，记住他们的名字会让这一小组人感到更加亲切，让你的演讲更有亲和力。
Remembering people’s names can be difficult, but there are ways to make this process easy. Before coming up with a way to remember names, you should carefully consider the room that you will be using for your presentation.
记住别人的名字有时会很难，但是总会有方法使其化繁为简。在你找到记住别人名字的好方法前，你应该先仔细考虑一下你要在什么地方演讲。
In a typical classroom (containing a white board with rows of desks placed in front of it) you can opt to use small paper placards. Use a little glue, if needed, to create triangular shaped placards and then ask the audience members to write their names on them.
在常规的教室里（装有白板和其跟前的几组桌椅），你可以选择用纸质卡片让观众写上他们的名字。还可以使用胶水，把纸质卡片折成三角形标语牌再固定，然后再让所有观众在他们标语牌上面写上名字。
If the room is less conventional, but you still have at least a table or lectern in front of you, get a typed list of names before the audience arrives. You can then ask each audience member their name when they are seated. You could remember a name by the person’s seat. For example, Burt Smith: left side, first row.
如果你演讲的房间是非传统的那种，你要看一下那里有没有讲台或者演讲桌。如果有，你就可以在观众来之前找一份人名单放在上面。之后等观众都到齐了，你就可以通过点名来记住他们的名字。除此之外你还可以通过座次来对应记人名，比如Burt Smith，在第一排左边。
If you are artistically inclined, you can always draw a picture of each audience member next to their name. The main objective is to have the list on your desk or lectern so that you can easily refer to it if needed.
如果你富有想象力，你总可以根据每一个观众的外形特点来记住他们的名字。这里主要的目的是要有一份人名单放在讲台上，这样你好在需要时参照。
Giving directions
告诉观众你演讲的大致思路
The often quoted advice of most books on the subject of presentations is to keep all information in batches of three. I agree with this. I also think that you should tell your audience where your presentation will go in terms of information and insight. To this effect, I’m going to offer a little advice that will help you get the audience on your side before you have even spoken one word.
很多关于做好演讲的书籍都有在讲解如何把所有你要表达的信息安排好。我很赞同这点，我同时觉得你也要根据你所演讲的信息，主题，来安排你演讲的先后结构。说到这点，我在这里要给你一些小建议来帮助你提高。
Your presentation, like a novel, should have a beginning, middle and end. I would suggest that in order to make sure your audience retains as much information as possible, you should use the three parts of the presentation as follows:
Beginning: Tell them what you are going to tell them.
Middle: Tell them.
End: Tell them what you have told them.
你的演讲，就像是一个小说一样，要有开头，中间和结尾。我想说为了使你的观众可以在看你演讲之后记住最多的信息，你可以以这三部分来安排你的演讲稿。
开头：做一个介绍
中间：做演讲
结尾：作总结
To avoid looking boastful, ask a third party to introduce you to your audience. This will make you seem humble (which the audience will like) and the person introducing you can briefly cover your road map of the presentation. A typical introduction by a third party would be something like this:
为了避免使你开上去比较自大，你可以选择让别人介绍你上场。这样会使人感觉你很谦虚（会使你观众对你有好感）。并且介绍人也可以为你演讲做一个简短概括。一个比较标准的第三方介绍开场白可以是这样：
Please welcome Joe Bloggs. He’s here to help our company improve its internal communication. Joe has a degree in Communications, and twenty years of experience in Business Communications. He’s going to talk to you about three things today: spoken communication, IT communication and external communication.
大家欢迎Joe Bloggs。他今天来的目的是给我们讲解如何提高公司内部交流。Joe有一个语言传播学的学位，和20年在商业交流领域的工作经验。他将要为我们带来这三部分的讲座：口语日常交流，IT交流和对外传播。
Stories of triumph
一个振奋人心的故事
Whenever possible, try to have an inspirational story in your presentation. From my own experience, it seems that people love short biographies and stories about underdogs who beat the odds and become successful in their chosen fields.
如果可以的话，你可以在你的演讲中加上一个振奋人心的故事来启发大家。我总是觉得人们都喜欢听那种励志小故事，那种讲述人是如何在逆境中逆流而上最后成功的故事。
When I was teaching English to foreign students, I noticed that their biggest fear was that they would struggle with nerves when communicating with native English speakers. To remedy this, I told them about James Earl Jones’s difficulties and his later success in speaking clearly. The students enjoyed the story, and it also dawned on them that with enough practice they too could overcome their shortcomings.
在我做对外英语老师的时候，我发现我的学生在和母语是英语的人交流时总是很紧张，担心会犯错误。为了鼓励他们，我给他们讲了James Earl Jones’s突破逆境最后成功的故事。学生们都很喜欢听，这使他们肯定只要训练有素，他们也可以说好英语。
When giving presentations about a particular subject, try to find an inspirational biography and tell your audience about it for about fifteen to twenty minutes. This will give you maximum effect.
当你在演讲到一个特定话题的时候，可以试着跟你的观众讲一个振奋人心的故事，并把时间控制在15到20分钟之间，这样就能起到最大的效果。
Are they interested?
你的演讲有没有吸引你的观众？
In theory, when giving a presentation, your instincts will tell you whether the audience is enjoying it or not. If you want some tell-tale signs, then I would suggest paying close attention to the body language of the audience.
理论上，当你在做一个演讲时，你的直觉会告诉你是否你的观众会喜欢你的演讲。但如果你想找到一些明显的迹象，那么我建议你可以观察观众的肢体语言。
If a person is interested in what you are saying, then they will lean forward whenever possible in order to ensure that they can hear what you are saying clearly. Their movements towards you also express that they are enjoying your company, and more importantly, that they are interested in your presentation.
如果一个人对你说的东西很感兴趣，那么他会把身子向前倾靠近你来听清楚你说的话。这也表明他们喜欢和你在一块，但是更重要的是，这说明他们很喜爱你的演讲。
People who are not interested in you, or what you have to say, will lean back to create a distance between the two of you. Look for folded arms and people pointing their feet. If a member of the audience is pointing their feet away from you, this usually indicates a feeling of indifference and a lack of interest.
如果人们对你或你说的话没有兴趣，他们会把身子向后靠远离你。他们还会把手抬起折叠放在胸前，翘起二郎腿，这些都是在说明他们对你演讲不是很关心。
Involve the audience
与观众互动
I personally think that involving the audience makes a presentation friendlier and the audience feel more comfortable.
我个人认为在演讲中让观众参与进来会使他们感觉更舒服，感觉你更友善。
The following suggestions are based on my own experience, and you should experiment with my advice to find what works best for you.
以下建议都是基于我自己的经历，你可以看看他们适不适合你。
With my own presentations, I have discovered that making the audience work together in pairs is best. When people are instructed to work in larger groups, there is often hesitation as others wait for one individual to assert themselves as the leader of the group. Pair work allows people to forge a connection, and often makes the audience more relaxed than if they were asked to work in a larger group.
从我以往的演讲来看，我发现让台底下观众两两为一组是最好的。如果每组人数再多，那么组员就会因为考虑到当组长而变得犹豫起来。与之相比一组两个人是最适合交流的，这样也能使组员感觉到最舒服。
However, whenever you ask people to work together, you should take the time to introduce audience members to one another. Failing to make introductions will cause the audience to feel awkward, and make you look ignorant
如果你想把观众都分组安排好，那么别忘了在演讲前花时间让他们相互自我介绍。如果你不这么做会使观众感觉到你对他们不太上心。
The benefits of pair work are that you can walk around the room talking to each pair on a more intimate level, and further put them at ease by offering help with the task you have set for them. With any luck, the audience will be grateful that you have introduced them to a new friend.
两人小组的好处是你可以更好地与每组成员进行沟通，布置你给他们的任务。有时候可能有些组的成员还会感激你帮他们介绍认识了新朋友。
Paraphrase if needed
换句话解释观众不懂的地方
If you are asked any questions about what you have already said, then first ask yourself if you have been speaking too quickly, or if you have been using slang or obscure references that the audience may be unfamiliar with.
如果你被提问回答一个你之前已经讲过的问题时，你要反思是不是你之前在说到这个问题时说的太快了？或用了一些俚语或不清晰的描述，使你的观众没有听清楚。
If none of the above has caused your problem, then simply rephrase what you have said in the simplest terms and make the main idea of what you are saying as clear as possible.
如果你之前讲此问题时讲的没有毛病，那么你可以直接换句话再来解释一下你之前说过的话，把它描述的更加通俗易懂。
Likewise, if you are asked a very difficult question that does not relate to your presentation, or will divert you from your road map, tell the audience member that you will talk to them about their question once the presentation has concluded. By the end of your presentation, you may find the audience member has forgotten their question or had it answered in the remainder of the presentation
同样的，如果你被提问回答一些跟你演讲毫无关联的问题时，试着告诉提问的人你会把他的问题囊括在之后的演讲中来回答。这样到了演讲最后，你会发现提问的人已经得到了他想要的答案，或者他已经忘了他提的问题是什么了。
The wrap up
如何收尾
When you have finished your presentation, I would suggest a very simple one page handout. Do not bother to write paragraphs of information about your subject. Instead, give the audience a plain list of further information in the form of web links, YouTube videos, and any relevant podcasts that are available on iTunes.
当你结束你的演讲时，我建议用一张幻灯片收尾。不要在上面写满文字，放上几个关于你演讲的网站信息链接，或视频咨询链接等就可以了。
Once the audience has left, you should sit down for ten minutes with a pen and some paper (before cleaning the room) and consider what did and did not work for you during the presentation. Try to decide where you could improve, and jettison anything that did not work.
一旦当观众离场，你就可以拿出一支笔和一些纸，来回顾并记录你在演讲中做的好与不太好的地方，找到你还可以提高的地方，找到你要在下次摒弃的不好的地方。
Quick tips
小贴士
Consider who your audience is: what are their ages and nationalities? As an example, Japanese people do not like to be asked for a personal opinion, but they do enjoy working together in a group. Research foreign cultures carefully if you have to give a presentation abroad.
调查一下你观众的来历：比如他们的年龄段和国籍。相比起来，就好像日本人会不喜欢被问个人观点，但是他们喜欢小组合作。如果你要在国外做演讲，可以事先查一下他们的文化背景。
Should you use simple or complex vocabulary? Avoid overly technical words or jargon, if you can help it.
2. 尽量用简单的词汇表达你的意思，不要用复杂技术词汇。
Jokes; make sure the audience will understand them and not be offended by them.
3. 如果说笑话，要确保你的观众可以理解你的笑话，不要然你的笑话得罪你的观众。
Keep your ego in check. Do not get high on the power of hosting a presentation; it is easy to lose your head and reveal personal or sensitive information that will embarrass the audience.
4. 在你演讲过程中保持清醒，不要让自己太亢奋以至于说错话得罪观众。
Consider splitting the audience into two groups, and conduct a fun team quiz about the subject of your presentation.
5. 可以考虑把你的观众分成两组，每一组做一个有趣的团队测试，检测一下他们对你测验的理解。
Make audience members feel valued by looking happy when they make suggestions or give feedback. Practice looking surprised until it becomes a natural emotion.
6. 在你的观众对你提问或给你反馈时，要保持微笑，让观众感觉你很重视他们的提问并有所收获。
Use audience member names whenever possible, being that addressing people by their names will always help break the ice.
7. 要记住观众的名字，叫观众的名字会让他们感觉很亲切。
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