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第2讲 English around the world（reading、词汇和阅读）
教学过程
一、导入
Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? In some important ways they are very different from one another. They are called world Englishes. Look at these examples. Can you understand the different kinds of English these people are using? .
复习：单词和词组默写。
重点单词
1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送
2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握
3. request n.& v. 请求；要求
4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直
6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块
重点词组
1.come up走近；上来；提出
2.make use of 利用；使用
3.such as例如；像这种的
4.play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与
5.because of 因为；由于
二、知识讲解
知识点1 重点词汇
1. present n. 礼物adj. 在场的；目前的vt. 赠送
[典例]
1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。
2). I am afraid I can't help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。
3). Were you present when the decision was announced? 宣布那项决定时你在场吗？
4). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。
5). May I present my new assistant to you? 请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。
[重点用法]
make sb. a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人
at present/ at the present time目前
be present at出席
present-day attitudes/fashion现在的态度/流行款式
present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人
[练习] 中译英
1). 所有（那些）在场者一眼就看出那个错误。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 这本书是哥哥赠送给我的。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). The mistake was obvious to all (those) present.
2). This book was a present from my brother.
2. command n.& v. 命令；指令；掌握
[典例]
1). The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。
[重点用法]
command sb. to do sth 命令某人做某事
be under the command of 由…指挥,由…控制
be in command of 控制…
be at one's command 听任某人支配
have / take command of… 指挥…
[特别提醒]
command后接that从句时要用虚拟语气
[练习] 用适当的介词填空
1). For the first time in years, she felt ______ command of her life.
2). The army is __________ the king's direct command.
3). The police arrived and took command ________ the situation.
答案: 1). in 2). under 3). of
3. request n.& v. 请求；要求
[典例]
1). Your requests will be granted. 你的请求能够获准。.
2). I requested him to help. 我请求他帮忙。
[重点用法]
at sb's request/at the request of sb应某人之请求
by request (of sb) 应（某人的）请求; 经（某人之）要求:
on request 一经要求:
request sth (from/of sb)要求, （尤指）请求某人做某事:
[练习] 中译英。
1). 我是（特别）应你要求而来。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 请不要吸烟。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). I came at your (special) request.
2). You are (kindly) requested not to smoke.
4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
[典例]
1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。
2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。
[重点用法]
recognize…by sth 认出或识别某人/某事物
recognize…as sth 承认某人/某事物是
recognize…to be承认…是
[练习] 中译英
1). 人们都承认他是他们理所当然的领袖。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我认出他是我朋友的哥哥。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). He is recognized to be their natural leader.
2). I recognized him as my friend's brother.
5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直
[典例]
1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。
2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。
[练习] 中译英
1.我的领带系得正不正?
2. 一直往前看。
——————————————————————————————————————————
答案: 1). Is my tie straight?
2). Look straight ahead.
6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块
[典例]
1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了。
[重点用法]
a block of 一大块
block out 堵住
block off 封锁；封闭
block up 堵塞；阻碍
[练习] 中译英
1). 他们在绕楼群散步。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). They are taking a walk round the block.
2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.
知识点2 重点短语
1.come up走近；上来；提出
[典例]
1). The little by came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.
小男孩向陌生人走去，并告诉他去警察局的路。
2). We won't forget the day when we watched the sun come up on top of the Tai Mountain.
我们不会忘记那天我们一块在泰山顶看日出。
3). It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.
这个问题在会议上一定会被提出来的。
4). The snowdrops are just beginning to come up. 雪莲花刚刚开始长出地面。
5). I am afraid something urgent has come up. 恐怕发生了什么急事。
[短语归纳]
come across邂逅 come about发生
come at向…扑来,攻击 come from 来自
come out 出版;开花；结果是 come up with想出
come round 绕道而来 come down落下,塌下
[练习] 用come构成的词组填空。
1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _______ him.
2). The magazine __________ once a month.
3). I wish you can ___________ to England on your holiday.
4). The engineers has ______________ new ways of saving energy.
5). They ___________ an old school friend in the street this morning.
答案: 1). came at 2). comes out 3). come over4). come up with5). came across
2.make use of 利用；使用
[典例]
1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。
[短语归纳]
make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用
make the best/most of 充分利用
[练习]
1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.
2). We will make good use of her talents.
3. such as例如；像这种的
[典例]
1). Such poets as Keats and Shelley wrote Romantic poetry.
有些诗人, 如济慈和雪莱, 写的是浪漫主义的诗歌
2). Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
兰花和报春花之类的野花越来越少了
[练习] 用such as或for example填空
1). I like drinks __________ tea and soda.
2). The report is incomplete; it doesn't include sales in France, ________.
答案: 1) such as2). For example
4. play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与
[典例]
1). She plays an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方政治活动。
2). She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她对该计划的成功起了重要作用。
[短语归纳]
take part (in sth)参加, 参与（某事物
the best part of sth（某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）
for the most part 整体上; 通常; 多半
for my part就我来说
[练习] 中译英
1). 有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）？
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)?
2). For my part, I don't mind where we eat.
5. because of 因为；由于
[典例]
1). They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。
[短语归纳]
because of 是复合介词。
because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。
[练习] 中译英
1). 因为腿受伤了，他走得很慢。
——————————————————————————————————————————
2). 因为错过了公共汽车，我们只好步行回家。
答案:1). He walked slowly because of his injured leg. / He walked slowly because his leg was injured.
2) . We had to walk home because of missing the bus. / We had to walk because we missed the bus.
知识点3 重点句式
1.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. 以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所说的英语不尽相同，也可以相互交流。
【句法分析】句中 even if 相当于 even though, 意为"即使；尽管"，引导让步状语从句。even if/though 引导的从句中可用现在时代替将来时。
【典型例句】Even if you don't like flowers, you shouldn't miss the flower exhibition.即使你不喜欢花，这次花展你也不应错过。
【练习】
(1) Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______they knew it to be valuable.
A．as if B．now that C．even though D．so that
key： C：even though＝even if "即使"，引导让步状语从句。
2.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. 信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语。
【句法分析】(1)believe it or not 信不信由你。常在句中做插入语。(2)no such thing 没有这样的事情。such与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。
【典型例句】①Believe it or not, he refused to accept our offer.信不信由你，他拒绝接受我们的帮助。
②There is no such street in the city.这城市没有那样的街道。
【练习】I'm amazed to hear from my school teacher again. ______， it is ten years since we met last.
A．In a word B．What's more C．That's to say D．Believe it or not
key：D 句意：想不到又一次收到学校老师的来信，信不信由你，我们上次见面还是在十年前。in a word总之；what's more而且；that's to say也就是说；believe it or not信不信由你。
3.Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
【句法分析】 than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为"比以往任何时候更"。
【典型例句】The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before.
繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。
【练习】 中译英
1). 简看起来比以前漂亮多了。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2). 雨下得比以前更大。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). Jane looks much prettier than ever before.
2). It's raining harder than ever before..
三、例题精析
例题1
【题干】根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
At the end of the 16th century, English was only spoken by people from England. They were native speakers. Today, the largest number of people 1 (speak) English may be in China. A lot of Chinese people speak English 2 their foreign language.
3 English language has changed quite a lot over the last four centuries. Old English sound more 4 less like German for it was 5 on German, but modern English sounds more like French than German 6 England was once ruled by the French.
Two people had great effects on the English changes. One was Shakespeare, who 7 (large) the English 8 (词汇) ; the other was Noah Webster, 9 wrote a dictionary 10 gave American English its own identity.
【答案】1.speaking 2. as 3. The4. or 5. based 6. because7.enlarged
8.vocabulary9. who10. that/which
【解析】词义辨析，并结合语法对词汇做相应的变形
课文大意概括
例题2
这篇课文讲述了英语的发展史。 英语随着时间的流逝而发生了变化，全世界的人们都说英语。
The passages shows us _____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】.The passages shows us a history of the development of English. English has changed over time and it is spoken all over the world..
【解析】旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力
四 、课堂运用
基础
1－Do you think it's a good idea to make friends with your students?－______， I do. I think it's a great idea.A．Really B．Obviously C．Actually D．Generally
【答案】：C
【解析】：考查副词。really真正地；obviously明显地；actually实际上； generally大体上。actually在句中起加强语气的作用，相当于sure，certainly, of course。
2.His uncle made a film ______ his story in his childhood.A．based on B．was based on C．basing on D．to base on
【答案】：A
【解析】：based on为过去分词短语，在句中做后置定语修饰a film.
3．It could be judged from her eyes ______ she was very satisfied with her performance.A．what B．which C．that D．where
【答案】：C
【解析】：考查名词性从句。语意为：她对她的表现很满意，这可以从她的眼睛里判断出来。It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主句。
4．I'm Chinese and I do feel ______ Chinese language is ______ most beautiful language. What's your opinion?A．the; a B．/; the C．the; / D．/; a
【答案】：A
【解析】：第一空需填the，指"汉语"；第二空填a, a most beautiful language是泛指，其中most相当于very。
5．During the flight to the Moon, Chang'e I Satellite ______ adjusts her direction so that she can go into her programmed orbit and then circle around it at the most appropriate angle(角度)．A．eventually B．gradually C．constantly D．continuously
【答案】：B
【解析】：考查副词词义辨析。句意为：在飞往月球的途中，嫦娥一号卫星逐渐调整她的方向以便能进入预定的轨道并以合适的角度绕其运行。A.最终；B.逐渐地；C.不断地；D.继续地。
巩固
6．The money collected should be made good use ______ the people in Sichuan Province who suffered a lot in the earthquake.A．of helping B．to help C．to helping D．of to help
【答案】：D
【解析】：make (good) use of"(好好)利用"，变为被动时态即be made use of；句中to help the people...为不定式做目的状语。
7．______ as a serious problem at present, it has drawn a lot of people's attention.A．Recognize B．Recognized C．Being recognized D．Having recognized
【答案】：B
【解析】：be recognized as"被认为是……"；句中recognized为过去分词做状语。。
8．The army received a command that they ______ to the front immediately.A．would march B．must march C．should march D．were marching
【答案】：C
【解析】：command"命令"，其 that从句中用"(should)＋动词原形"。
9．The newly－founded chess club formally ______ us to attend the opening ceremony.A．requested B．required C．demanded D．commanded
【答案】：A
【解析】：表示正式委婉的请求用 request。
10．Films, ______ the one you told me about yesterday or the one that will be on, ______ not worth seeing.A．including; is B．as well as; are C．besides; is D．such as; are
【答案】：D
【解析】：such as 用于列举事物。又因为主语为复数，第二空格用 are，故选D。本句译为：像你昨天告诉我的电影，以及即将上映的，都不值得看。
拔高
11.课文佳句背诵与仿写
【原句】With your partner, list the countries that use English as an official language.
和你的同学一起列出把英语作为官方语言的国家。
[模仿要点] 句子结构
【模仿1】请用这些词，造一个句子来描述你心中的想法。
____________________________________________________________________________
答案：With these words, please make up a sentence that can describe what you feel in your mind.
【模仿2】他用了各种色彩，画一幅画显示了他家乡的变化。
____________________________________________________________________________
答案：With different colors, he painted a picture that showed the change of his hometown..
课堂小结
本节课主要围绕重点词汇和短语进行考查。
结合近几年的高考对于词汇的考查往往是与语境想结合，因此，同学在做题时要结合语境来分析题目，灵活地运用语法知识。
课后作业
基础
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A lot of students p_______________ at the meeting took part in the discussion.
2．The tall tree was struck by l___________ and broke.
3．The robber was caught when he was filling his car with p__________ at the filling station.
4．Go up in an e_______________ to the fifth floor.
5．He looked calm, but a__________ he was very nervous.
6．In the word "happy" the _________(重音) is on the first syllable.
7．He has a poor _________________(词汇), so he can't express himself correctly.
8．The gentlemen disclosed their own __________(身份)．
9．Anyone who wants to learn English well must remember the ___________(惯用法) of English.
10．Though he is not a ___________(本国的) English speaker, he can speak English very fluently.accent
【答案】：present;lightning;petrol;elevator;actually；vocabulary;identities;usage;native
Ⅱ .单项选择
1．The part that China ______in the international affairs ______ in the international society.A．plays; is widely praised B．plays; is wide praised C．takes; widely praised D．takes; wide praised
【答案】：A
【解析】：第一空考查短语 play a part in; 第二空考查被动语态。
2．______， a sleepy driver killed twenty－two students and teachers in a traffic accident in Shanxi Province.
A．What's more B．After all C．Believe it or not D．More or less
【答案】：C
【解析】：考查固定短语。
3．Many students make great progress in listening ______ the large amount of time devoted to it.A．because of B．instead of C．in case of D．in spite of
【答案】:A
【解析】：考查介词短语。because of"因为"。
4． —Oh, it's you! I ______ you.—I've just had my hair cut, and I'm wearing new glasses.A．didn't recognize B．didn't know C．haven't recognized D．haven't known
【答案】：A
【解析】：句中表示"刚刚没有认出某人"用 didn't recognize。
5．He won't change his mind ______ you go and try to persuade him yourself.A．since B．until C．as if D．even if
【答案】：D
【解析】：考查 even if引导让步状语从句.
巩固
课文佳句背诵与仿写
1.【原句】English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as south Africa.
在新加坡，马来西亚和非洲其他国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。
[模仿要点] 列举三者以上事物的表达
【模仿1】下课后我喜欢去踢足球，打篮球和参加一些有趣的活动如唱歌跳舞
____________________________________________________________________________
答案：After class I like to play football and basketball and take part in some interesting activities such as dancing and singing.
【模仿2】在英国旅游期间，我们参考了博物馆，城堡和一些名胜如一些公园和花园。
____________________________________________________________________________
答案：During the tour in the UK, we visited museums, castles and some places of interest such as some parks and gardens.
拔高
阅读理解AOne of the keys to being successful in what you do is persistence. Once you have determined exactly what you want to achieve, you must take massive action on a constant basis in order to succeed.One of the things you'll notice on your journey towards your goal is roadblocks. That is, you will come across obstacles that seem to jump out of nowhere in an attempt to discourage your progress. Actually, they are a part of life. Everyone would have every success that ever wanted if there were no obstacles. Your job is to be persistent and work through obstacles. If you find little or no obstacles along the way, you are not really challenging yourself. And when you do reach your goal, you won' t experience the feeling of "sweet success". Make your goal a challenging one!
If you take the time to study a successful person, you will learn that the vast majority of them have had more "failures" than they have had "successes". This is because successful people are persistent; the more they stumble,_ the more they get right back up and try again. On the other hand, people who don' t get back up and try again never reach success. For example, Walt Disney was turned down 302 times before he got financing for his dream of creating the "Happiest Place on Earth" . Today, due to his persistence, millions of people have shared "the joy of Disney". Colonel Sanders spent two years driving across the United States looking for restaurants to buy his chicken recipe. He was turned down 1 009 times! How successful is Kentucky Fried Chicken today!
Having known these facts, keep in mind that you must constantly reevaluate your circumstances and the approach you are using to reach your goal. There is no sense in being persistent at something that you are doing incorrectly! Sometimes you have to modify your approach along the way. Every time you do something you learn from it, and therefore find a better way to do it the next time.
Today is the day to begin your journey, using consistency and persistency, towards tomorrow's successes!
1. The author seems to believe that ______.A. challenges we come across are rewardingB. "sweet success" comes along with obstaclesC. the more obstacles we have, the better we feelD. we will reach our goal by challenging ourselves
答案及解析：B。推理判断题。根据文章第二段的最后三句可知，作者认为：遇到困难挑战自己，才能体验到成 功的甜蜜。
2. The reason why persistent people are successful is that ______.A. they experience a lot of failuresB. they are born to be very stubbornC. they have great ambitions in mindD. they don' t give up in face of failure
答案及解析：D。推理判断题。根据第三段，坚持不懈的人最终能取得成功的原因在于他们面临失败的时候，不轻言放弃，而是持之以恒向着目标努力。
3. Why did Colonel Sanders spend two years driving across the United States?A. To count the number of the restaurants in America.B. To taste different foods and find special recipes.C. To find restaurants and sell recipes for fried chicken.D. To open more Kentucky Fried Chicken chain stores.
答案及解析：C。细节理解题。第三段的倒数第三句说明Colonel Sander 用两年的时间驱车去寻访美国的餐馆是为了销售炸鸡的配方。
4. The word underlined in the third paragraph maybe means "______"．A. withdraw B. achieveC. sprawl D. fall
答案及解析：D。猜测词义题。根据前句" the vast majority of them have had more 'failures' than they have had 'successes'" 可知作者是在讲述成功人士经历了很多的失败或者跌倒。
5. What does the author advise us to do in paragraph 4?A. To confirm whether your goal is practical.B. To modify your approach from time to time.C. To change our circumstances constantly.D. To learn from our past mistakes.
答案及解析：B。主旨大意题。在第四段作者建议我们要依据环境调整做事的方法。只有方法得当，才能取得理想的效果。
BEveryone becomes a little more forgetful as they get older, but men's minds decline more than women's, according to the results of a worldwide survey.Certain differences seem to be inherent in male and female brains: Men are better at maintaining and dealing with mental images (useful in mathematical reasoning and spatial skills), while women tend to excel (擅长) at recalling information from their brain's files (helpful with language skills and remembering the locations of objects).
Many studies have looked for a connection between sex and the amount of mental decline (衰退) people experience as they age, but the results have been mixed.Some studies found more age－related decline in men than in women, while others saw the opposite or even no relationship at all between sex and mental decline. Those results could be improper because the studies involved older people, and women live longer than men: The men tested are the survivors, "so they're the ones that may not have shown such cognitive decline，" said study team leader Elizabeth of the University of Warwick in England.
People surveyed completed four tasks that tested sex－related cognitive skills: matching an object to its rotated form, matching lines shown from the same angle, typing as many words in a particular category (范畴) as possible in the given time, e．g. "object usually colored gray"， and recalling the location of objects in a line drawing. The first two were tasks at which men usually excel; the latter are typically dominated by women.Within each age group studied, men and women performed better in their separate categories on average. And though performance declined with age for both genders, women showed obviously less decline than men overall.
6. The underlined word in the second paragraph means______.A. natural B. greatC. obvious D. absolute答案及解析：A。词意猜测题。男女大脑的思维在某些方面的差异是天生固有的。
7. According to the passage, which of the following can NOT be typed into the same category?A. Cloud. B. Sheep.C. Trees. D. Goose.
答案及解析：C。推理判断题。根据文章第五段可推断出选项中这类物体是以白色为限定范畴的，故选项C为答案。
8. Which of the following statements is true according to the article?A. Men do better than women when it comes to learning English.B. Women stand out at remembering people's names.C. Men excel at typing as many words in a particular category as possible in the given time.D. Women excel at dealing with mathematic problems.
答案及解析：B。推理判断题。男性在推理和空间思维方面占优势，女性在提取大脑中储存的记忆信息方面占优势。故答案为B。
9. One important factor that affects the correctness of the results is that ______.A. the old men tested may not have shown such cognitive declineB. people surveyed are all oldC. people taking part in this test come from all over the worldD. women live longer than men
答案及解析：A。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知。文章只是说调查涉及老年人，但并不都是老年人，故排除B。选项D不是造成调查结果不准确的原因。
