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在初中英语课本中,我们会学到被动语态这一关键的知识点,那么什么是被动语态呐,被动语态的构成是什么样子的,使用被动语态该注意什么,下面就为大家介绍一下:
被动语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;
如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
接着,我们来学习被动语态的构成:
被动语态的基本结构:
主语+be +过去分词(+by+动作的发出者)
① 一般现在时:am/is/are+过去分词
如:Trees are planted every year. 每年都种树。
② 现在进行时 am/is/are+ being +过去分词
如:The road is being repaired. 这条路正在修。
③ 现在完成时 have/has + been +过去分词
如:The work has been finished. 工作已经完成了。
④ 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词
如:The story was told by him. 这个故事是他讲的。
Many birds were killed last year. 去年有许多鸟被杀。
⑤过去进行时 was/were+ being + 过去分词
如: The new house was being painted when I got home. 我到家时,新房子正在粉刷。
⑥过去完成时 had +been+ 过去分词
如: He told me that the work had been finished. 他告诉我工作已经完成了。
⑦一般将来时 will +be + 过去分词
如:The problem will be discussed tomorrow. 这个问题将在明天讨论。
⑧ 过去将来时 would/should +be +过去分词
如: He said that the Christmas tree would be put up soon.他说圣诞树很快就要立起来了。
⑨情态动词的被动语态
情态动词+ be +过去分词
如:The problem must be solved soon.这个问题必须尽快解决。
Children should be taught to love animals.孩子们应该学会爱动物。
被动语态使用注意:
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。 如:happen, break down, come out......
What will happen in 100 years. 100年后会发生什么。
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago. 恐龙大约在6500万年前消失了。
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如: write, sell, ride.....
This pen writes well. 这支笔写得很好。
This new book sells well. 这本新书很畅销。
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带“to”,但变为被动语态时,须加上“to”。
例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 一个女孩经过时看到我的钱包掉了下来。有人看见我的钱包从一个女孩身边经过。
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 老板让那个小男孩干重活。这个小男孩被老板强迫做繁重的工作。
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。→他给了我一本书。
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我看了一张票。→他给我看了一张票。
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。→我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。→他不能被我们嘲笑。
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. 他每天听收音机。→收音机每天都被他收听。
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.护士正在照顾那个病人。→病人正由护士照顾。
构成be+done.
以上就是被动语态的部分知识点,希望大家能够掌握,这将对以后的英语学习会有很大的帮助,祝大家学习愉快。